Research Areas

Eygptian 3100-2907 BC

Natural History Museum of Utah

• https://nhmu.utah.edu/articles/2025/10/makeup-ancient-egypt 

World History Encyclopedia

• https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1061/cosmetics-perfume--hygiene-in-ancient-egypt/ 

Finding Out Egyptian Gods’ Secret Using Analytical Chemistry: Biomedical Properties of Egyptian Black Makeup Revealed by Amperometry at Single Cells

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac902348g

Roman 300-180 BC

Cosmetics Reader

• https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/unromantest/chapter/women-and-cosmetics/ 

Comparative Cosmetic Costs: Ancient Roman and Modern American Self-Adornment

https://orb.binghamton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1082&context=alpenglowjournal

Greek

Cosmetics in the ancient world

• https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1441/cosmetics-in-the-ancient-world/

Middle Ages (Vikings)

Viking Eyeliner from Sea to Sea

• https://sites.nd.edu/manuscript-studies/2019/10/18/viking-eyeliner-from-sea-to-sea/

Hygiene in the Vikings Age

• https://www.museumnord.no/en/stories/hygiene-in-the-viking-age/

Elizabethan England

Inventing Whiteness: cosmetics, race, and women in early modern England 

• https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A328908640/LitRC?u=mcc_mesa&sid=summon&xid=ad7e52f9 

Royal Museums Greenwich 

https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/royal-history/elizabeth-i-fashion-beauty

French Restoration 18th Century

'It is Virtue and Goodness only, that make the True Beauty': Understanding Female Beauty in the Eighteenth Century (Doctoral thesis)
 

• https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/thesis/_It_is_virtue_and_goodness_only_that_make_the_true_beauty_understanding_female_beauty_in_the_eighteenth_century/9326693?file=16934153 

The Transformation of Women’s roles in fashion in eighteenth century France

• https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4260&context=gc_etds

20th Century in America

Pop Culture Universe Database

• 1920s Clothing & Fashion - https://popculture2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Topics/Display/2009386?sid=1577220&cid=182&subId=3&useConcept=false
• 1930s Clothing & Fashion - https://popculture2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Topics/Display/2009387?sid=1794087&cid=182&subId=4&useConcept=false
• 1940s Clothing & Fashion - https://popculture2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Topics/Display/2009388?sid=1966138&cid=182&subId=5&useConcept=false 
• 1950s Clothing & Fashion - https://popculture2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Topics/Display/2009389?sid=1500472&cid=182&subId=6&useConcept=false 
• 1960s Clothing & Fashion - https://popculture2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Topics/Display/2009390?sid=1789096&cid=182&subId=7&useConcept=false
• 1970s Clothing & Fashion - https://popculture2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Topics/Display/2009391?sid=1474048&cid=182&subId=8&useConcept=false 
• 1980s Clothing & Fashion - https://popculture2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Topics/Display/2009392?sid=1834787&cid=182&subId=9&useConcept=false

Native Make Up in the Americas

Native American Body Adornment

• https://americanindian2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Search/Display/1537545?terms=body+painting+tattoos&sTypeId=2

Wailaki woman with tattoo (image)

• https://americanindian2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Search/Display/2339035?sTypeId=2

Navajo Kinaaldá Ceremony

• https://americanindian2-abc-clio-com.ezp.mesacc.edu/Search/Display/1482224